(see Adaptive Leadership and Adaptive Challenges). Heifetz et al. (2009)  note that technical challenges while often complex, can be solved. Characteristics include: perspectives are aligned (views, values); definition of the problem is clear; solution and implementation of the solution is relatively clear; there is reasonable confidence that if the solution is implemented there will be resolution; there can be a “primary” locus of responsibility for organizing the work. Technical solutions often rely on methods previously used to successfully solve problems, even if complicated and multi-layer in a system or systems. Technical strategies typically: use established norms/ goals; define problems; provide solutions; clarify roles and responsibilities; assign tasks; manage conflict; maintain order and organization.